 
                        Formed in 1898, the Educational Committee (Anjuman-i Ma arf) was the first organized program to promote educational reform not funded by the state.[8] The committee was composed of members of foreign services, ulama, wealthy merchants, physicians, and other prominent people.
 
                 
                
                 
               
                 
                         
                         
                 
                 
                 
                 
                                 
                                 
                   
                  